Sabtu, 15 Maret 2014

Tugas

Change the verbs in these sentences (a) to the past tense, (b) to the future tense, and (c) to the perfect present tense. Study the example carefully.

1.      I spend my money. (FROM EXAMPLE)
(a)   I spent my money.
(b)   I will spend my money.
(c)    I have spent my money.

2.      They use that one.
(a)   They used that one.
(b)   They will use that one.
(c)    They have used that one.

3.      We study English together.
(a) We studied English together.
(b) We will study English together.
(c) We have studied English together.

4.      They discuss their work.
(a)   They discussed their work.
(b)   They will discuss their work.
(c)    They have discussed their work.

5.      They have enough time.
(a)   They had enough time.
(b)   They will have enough time.
(c)    They have had enough time.

6.      I do all of the lessons.
(a)   I did all of the lessons.
(b)   I will do all of the lessons.
(c)    I have done all of the lessons.

7.      He sits in that row.
(a)   He sat in that row.
(b)   He will sit in that row.
(c)    He has sat in that row.

8.      I drive my car.
(a)   I drove my car.
(b)   I will drive my car.
(c)    I have driven my car.

9.      She hides her money.
(a)   She hid her money.
(b)   She will hide her money.
(c)    She has hidden her money.

10.  We go to school.
(a)   We went to school.
(b)   We will go to school.
(c)    We have gone to school.

11.  He takes much time.
(a)   He took much time.
(b)   He will take much time.
(c)    He has taken much time.

12.  Does he eat there? (FROM EXAMPLE)
(a)   Did he eat there?
(b)   Will he eat there?
(c)    Has he eaten there?

13.  Do you enjoy that work?
(a)   Did you enjoy that work?
(b)   Will you enjoy that work?
(c)    Have you enjoyed that work?

14.  Does he write many letters?
(a)   Did he write many letters?
(b)   Will he write many letters?
(c)    Has he written many letters?

15.  Do you send money letters?
(a)   Did you send money letters?
(b)   Will you send money letters?
(c)    Have you sent money letters?

16.  Do they explain everything?
(a)   Did they explain everything?
(b)   Will they explain everything?
(c)    Have they explained everything?

17.  Does she attend that class?
(a)   Did she attend that class?
(b)   Will she attend that class?
(c)    Has she attended that class?

18.  Do you have enough time?
(a)   Did you have enough time?
(b)   Will you have enough time?
(c)    Have you had enough time?

19.  Do they copy the sentences?
(a)   Did they copy the sentences?
(b)   Will they copy the sentences?
(c)    Have they copied the sentences?

20.  Does she have much trouble?
(a)   Did she have much trouble?
(b)   Will she have much trouble?
(c)    Has she had much trouble?

21.  Does she do good work?
(a)   Did she do good work?
(b)   Will she do good work?
(c)    Has she done good work?

22.  Do the students practice?
(a)   Did the students practice?
(b)   Will the students practice?
(c)    Have the students practiced?

23.  I don’t stay there. (FROM EXAMPLE)
(a)   I didn’t stay there.
(b)   I won’t stay there.
(c)    I haven’t stayed there.

24.  He doesn’t work hard.
(a)   He didn’t work hard.
(b)   He won’t work hard.
(c)    He hasn’t worked hard.

25.  I don’t have any energy.
(a)   I didn’t have any energy.
(b)   I won’t have any energy.
(c)    I haven’t had any energy.

26.  He doesn’t pay his bills.
(a)   He didn’t pay his bills.
(b)   He won’t pay his bills.
(c)    He hasn’t paid his bills.

27.  We don’t see that fellow.
(a)   We didn’t see that fellow.
(b)   We won’t see that fellow.
(c)    We haven’t seen that fellow.

28.  She doesn’t use this one.
(a)   She didn’t use this one.
(b)   She won’t use this one.
(c)    She hasn’t used this one.

29.  They don’t remember it.
(a)   They didn’t remember it.
(b)   They won’t remember it.
(c)    They haven’t remembered it.

30.  I don’t do much work here.
(a)   I didn’t do much work here.
(b)   I won’t do much work here.
(c)    I haven’t done much work here.

31.  He doesn’t listen carefully.
(a)   He didn’t listen carefully.
(b)   He won’t listen carefully.
(c)    He has’t listened carefully.

Write the correct form of the verb in parentheses in each sentence. Use only the perfect present tense. Check your answer with the list of irregular verbs in the appendix.

1.      Mr. Harris taught English at this school for five years.

2.      I (write) three or four letters to that company.
I have written three or four letters to that company.

3.      The students in this class (do) those two lessons already.
The students in this class have done those two lessons already.

4.      I (know) Professor Moore for more than twelve years.
I have known Professor Moore for more than twelve years.

5.      Richard (take) three courses in English at this school.
Richard has taken three courses in English at this school.

6.      These steps are dangerous. I (fall) on them several times.
These steps are dangerous. I have fallen on them several times.

7.      Mr. Kramer (be) in United Sates for three years.
Mr. Kramer has been in United Sates for three years.

8.      The janitor (shut, already) the back door.
The janitor has shut already the back door.

9.      The students (read) all of the stories in that book.
The students have read all of the stories in that book.

10.  Marjorie (choose) a pretty dress for the party.
Marjorie has chosen a pretty dress for the party.

11.  I (speak) to my boss about the problems several times.
I have spoken to my boss about the problems several times.

12.  That tree (grow) at least five feet since last year.
That tree has grown at least five feet since last year.

13.  Miss King (spend) over eighteen hundred dollars since May.
Miss King has spent over eighteen hundred dollars since May.

14.  Mr. and Mrs. Smith (buy) a new house in North Plains.
Mr. and Mrs. Smith have bought a new house in North Plains.

15.  The real estate agent (sell) the Smith’s old house.
The real estate agent has sold the Smith’s old house.

16.  Charles (have) a bad cold for a whole week.
Charles has had a bad cold for a whole week.

17.  I’m sorry. I (forget) the name of that book.
I’m sorry. I have forgotten the name of that book.

18.  We (hear, already) that new song several times.
We have heard already that new song several times.

19.  Mr. Wilson isn’t here. He (go) out of town for the weekend.
Mr. Wilson isn’t here. He has gone out of town for the weekend.

20.  Mr. Kennedy (wear) his blue suit to the office only twice.
Mr. Kennedy has worn his blue suit to the office only twice.

21.  I (sit) in this same seat since the first day of classes.
I have sat in this same seat since the first day of classes.

22.  The money isn’t in this drawer. Someone (steal) it!
The money isn’t in this drawer. Someone has stolen it!

23.  Up to now, I (understand) every lesson in the book.
Up to now, I have understood every lesson in the book.

24.  We (have) absolutely no trouble with our car so far.
We have had absolutely no trouble with our car so far.

25.  No one (find) that girl’s purse and gloves yet.
No one has found that girl’s purse and gloves yet.

26.  The weather (be) very warm ever since last Thursday.
The weather has been very warm ever since last Thursday.

27.  Mr. Anderson and Mr. Brown (have) lunch already.
Mr. Anderson and Mr. Brown have had lunch already.

28.  I (see) the Empire State Building hundreds of times.
I have seen the Empire State Building hundreds of times.

29.  We (speak, already) to the director and (give) him the message.
We have spoken already to the director and have given him the message.

30.  Grandmother (fly, never) in an airplane before.
Grandmother has flown never in an airplane before.

31.  You (tear) your shirt! There’s a hole in the left sleeve.
You have torn your shirt! There’s a hole in the left sleeve.

32.  I (already) the customer’s letter and (write) a reply to him.
I have already the customer’s letter and have written a reply to him.



Tenses

Tenses adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja dalam bahasa Inggris untuk menunjukkan waktu (sekarang, masa depan, atau masa lalu) terjadinya suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa. 
Berikut adalah macam-macam tenses beserta rumus, dan contohnya:
1.      Present Tense (Waktu Sekarang)
·         Simple Present Tense (Waktu sekarang sederhana)
Simple Present Tense adalah tenses (pola kalimat) yang digunakan untuk menceritakan waktu sekarang dalam bentuk sederhana.
Rumus Verbal
(+) S + V1 s/es + O
(-) S + do/does not + V1 + O…
(?) Do/Does + S + V…?
Rumus Nominal
(+) S + be(am, is, are) + Adj / Noun / Adverb (disingkat ANA)
(-) S + be + not + ANA
(?) Be + S + ANA ?
- Biasanya menggunakan daily activity : Always, usually, often, seldom.
Contoh Kalimat Verbal Simple Present Tense:
(+) My father goes to post office.
(-) My father does not go to post office.
(?) Does your father go to post office?
Contoh Kalimat Nominal Simple Present Tense.
(+) Marcella is a stronger woman.
(-) Marcella is not a stronger woman.
(?) Is she a stronger woman?
·         Present Continuous Tense (Waktu berlangsung sekarang)
Present Continuous Tense adalah pola kalimat yang digunakan untuk sesuatu yang sedang berlangsung saat ini.
Rumus Verbal
(+) S + be + V-ing + O
(-) S + be + not + V-ing + O
(?) Be + S + V-ing + O…
Rumus Nominal
(+) S + be (am, is, are) + Adj / Noun / Adverb (ANA)
(-) S + be + not + ANA
(?) Be + S + ANA
Contoh Kalimat Verbal Present Continuous Tense:
(+)  I am speaking English
(-)   I am not speaking English
(?)  am I speaking English?
Contoh Kalimat Nominal Present Continuous Tense:
(+) He is handsome.
(-) He is not handsome.
(?) Is he handsome?
·         Present Perfect Tense (Waktu sempurna sekarang)
Present Perfect Tense adalah pola kalimat yang terjadi pada masa lampau dan masih berpengaruh hingga sekarang.
Rumus Verbal:
(+) S + Have/Has + V3 + O
(-) S + Have/Has + not + V3 + O
(?) have/has + S + V3 + O
Rumus Nominal:
(+) S + have/has + to be 3 (been) + non verb + O
(-) S + have/has + not + to be 3 + non verb + O
(?) have/has + S + to be 3 + non verb + O?
Contoh Kalimat Verbal Present Perfect Tense:
(+) I have finished my work.
(-) I have not finished my homework.
(?) Have I finished my homework?
Contoh Kalimat Nominal Present Perfect Tense:
(+) She has been here for 20 minutes.
(-) She has not been here for 20 minutes.
(?) Has she been here for 20 minutes?
·         Present Perfect Continuous (Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Sekarang)
Present Perfect Continuous adalah tindakan yang dimulai di masa lalu dan masih berlanjut sampai sekarang. Tenses ini juga digunakan untuk menceritakan kejadian yang dimulai dimasa lalu dan baru saja selesai.
Rumus Verbal:
(+)  S + have/has + been + V-ing + O + Adj / Noun / Adverb (ANA)
(-) S + have/ has + not + been + V-ing + O + ANA
(?) Have/has + S + been + V-ing + O + ANA
Rumus Nominal:
(+) S + has/have + been + ANA
(-) S + has/have + not + been + ANA
(?) Has/have + S + been + ANA
Contoh Kalimat Verbal Present Perfect Continuous:
(+)He has been studying  for 3 hours.
(-)  He has not been studying  for 3 hours.
(?) Has he been playing studying  for 3 hours?
Contoh Kalimat Nominal Present Perfect Continuous:
(+) I have been in Cirebon.
(-) I have not been in Cirebon.
(?) Have I been in Cirebon?
2.      Past Tense (Waktu Lampau)
·         Simple Past Tense (Waktu lampau sederhana)
Simple Past Tense adalah tenses yang digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang terjadi dimasa lampau dan waktu terjadinya persitiwa itu telah diketahui.
Rumus Verbal:
(+) S + V2 + O + Adj / Noun / Adverb (ANA)
(-) S + did + not + V1 + O + ANA
(?) Did + S + V1 + O + ANA ?
Rumus Nominal:
(+) S + to be 2 (was/were) + ANA
(-) S + to be 2 (was/were) + ANA
(?) to be 2 + S + ANA ?
Contoh Kalimat Verbal Simple Past Tense:
(+) The Doctor went to the hospital yesterday.
(-) The Doctor did not go to the hospital yesterday.
(?) Did the Doctor go to the hospital yesterday?
Contoh Kalimat Nominal Simple Past Tense:
(+) He was a teacher.
(-) He was not a teacher.
(?) Was he a teacher?
Note:
Was: I, He, She, dan It.
Were: You, We, They.
·         Past Continuous Tense (Waktu berlangsung lampau)
Past Continuous Tense adalah tenses yang digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang sedang terjadi, tetapi bukan sedang terjadi sekarang, melainkan sedang terjadi “dulu”, sudah lewat.
Rumus Verbal:
(+) S + to be 2 (was/were) + V-ing + O
(-) S + to be 2 (was/were) + not + V-ing + O
(?) to be 2 (was/were) + S + V-ing + O
Rumus Nominal:
(+) S + to be 2 + Adj / Noun / Adverb (ANA)
(-) S + to be 2 + not + ANA
(?) to be 2 + S + ANA ?
Contoh Kalimat Verbal Past Continuous Tense:
(+) He was confused in studying grammar yesterday in school.
(-) He was not confused in studying grammar yesterday in school.
(?) Was he confused in studying grammar yesterday in school?
Contoh Kalimat Nominal Past Continuous Tense:
(+) She was lazy.
(-) She was not lazy.
(?) Was she lazy?
·         Past Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Lampau)
Past Perfect Tense adalah tenses yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan peristiwa yang terjadi dimasa lampau dan terus berlangsung ataupun selesai dimasa lampau berikutnya.
Rumus Verbal:
(+) S + had + V3
(-) S + had + not + V3
(?) Had + S + V3
Rumus Nominal:
(+) S + had + been + ANA
(-) S + had + not + been + ANA
(?) Had + S + been + ANA ?
Contoh Kalimat Verbal Past Perfect Tense:
(+) She had helped her mother after she played a game.
(-) She had not helped her mother after she played a game.
(?) Had she helped her mother after she played a game?
Contoh Kalimat Nominal Past Perfect Tense:
(+) They had been at Grage Mall since morning.
(-) They had not been at Grage Mall since morning.
(?) Had they been at Grage Mall since morning?
·         Past Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu berlangsung sempurna lampau)
Past Perfect Continuous Tense digunakan untuk mengekspresikan suatu kejadian yang sudah dimulai dan sedang berlangsung di masa lampau tapi saat ini sudah tidak terjadi lagi.
Rumus Verbal
(+) S + had + been + V-ing
(-) S + had + not + been + V-ing
(?) Had + S + been + V-ing
Rumus Nominal
(+) S + Had + Been + Being + O+ ANA
(-) S + Had + Not + Been + Being + O + ANA
(?) Had + S + Been + Being + O + ANA
Contoh Kalimat Verbal Past Perfect Continuous Tense:
(+) Isna had been sleeping for 5 hours before Her father woke up.
(-) Isna had not been sleeping for 5 hours before Her fathe woke up.
(?) Had she been sleeping for 5 hours before her father woke up?
Contoh Kalimat Nominal Past Perfect Continuous Tense:
(+) I had been being a modeling character since 2010.
(-) I had not been being a modeling character since 2010.
(?) Had you been being a modeling character since 2010?
3.      Future Tense (Waktu yang Akan Datang)
·         Simple Future Tense (Waktu Akan Datang Sederhana)
Simple Future Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang akan terjadi di masa yang akan datang.
Rumus Verbal :
(+) S + Will/Shall + V1 + O + ANA
(-) S + Will/Shall + not + V1 + O + ANA
(?) Will/Shall + S + V1 + O + ANA
Rumus Nominal :
(+) S + Will/Shall + Be + O + ANA
(-) S + Will/Shall + not + be + O + ANA
(?) Will/Shall + S + be + O + ANA
Contoh Kalimat Verbal Simple Future Tense:
(+) I will make a cake tomorrow.
(-) I will not make a cake tomorrow.
(?) Will you make a cake tomorrow?
Contoh Kalimat Nominal Simple Future Tense:
(+) Belinda will be a singer in my birthday party tomorrow.
(-) Belinda will not be a singer in my birthday party tomorrow.
(?) Will she be a singer in my birthday party tomorrow?
·         Future Continuous Tense (Waktu berlangsung akan datang)
Future Continuous Tense adalah bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang akan sedang berlangsung atau akan sedang dilakukan di waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang.
Rumus Verbal :
(+) S + will/shall + be + V-ing + O
(-) S + will/shall + not + be + V-ing + O
(?) Will/Shall + S + be + V-ing + O?
Rumus Nominal :
(+) S + will/shall + be + being + O + ANA
(-) S + will/shall + not + be + being + O + ANA
(?) Will/Shall + S + be + being + O + ANA?
Contoh Kalimat Verbal Future Continuous Tense:
(+) I will be studying grammar speaking at 08.00 am in ELFAST.
(-) I will not be studying grammar speaking at 08.00 am in ELFAST.
(?) Will you be studying grammar speaking at 08.00 am in ELFAST?
Contoh Kalimat Nominal Future Continuous Tense:
(+) I will be being a professional English teacher.
(-) I will not be being a professional English teacher.
(?) Will you be being a professional English teacher?
·         Future Perfect Tense (Waktu sempurna yang akan datang)
Future Perfect Tense tenses yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang akan telah terjadi atau akan telah selesai dilakukan diwaktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang.
Rumus Verbal :
(+) S + Will/Shall + Have + V3 + O + ANA
(-) S + will/shall + not + have + V3 + O + ANA
(?) Will/Shall + S + have + V3 + O + ANA
Rumus Nominal :
(+) S + Will/Shall + Have + Been + O + ANA
(-) S + will/shall + not + have + been + O + ANA
(?) Will/shall + S + have + been + O + ANA
Contoh Kalimat Verbal Future Perfect Tense:
(+) We shall have arrived in School at 10.00 o’clock.
(-) We shall not have arrived in School at 10.00 o’clock.
(?) Shall we have arrived in School at 10.00 o’clock.
Contoh Kalimat Nominal Future Perfect Tense:
(+) I will have been at Grandma House by the end of the week.
(-) I will not have been at Grandma House by the end of the week.
(?) Will you have been at Grandma House by the end of the week?
·         Future Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu berlangsung sempurna akan datang)
Future Perfect Continuous Tense adalah tenses yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang akan telah sedang berlangsung di waktu yang akan datang dimasa lampau.
Rumus Verbal :
(+) S + Will/Shall + Have + Been + V-ing + O + ANA
(-) S + will/shall + not + have + been + V-ing + O + ANA
(?) Will/Shall + S + have + been + V-ing + O + ANA ?
Rumus Nominal :
(+) S + Will/Shall + Have + Been + O + ANA
(-) S + Will/Shall + not + Have + Been + O + ANA
(?) Will/Shall + S + Have + Been + O + ANA
Contoh Kalimat Verbal Future Perfect Continuous Tense
(+) She will have been studying for a while when you come here.
(-) She will not have been studying for a while when you come here.
(?) Will she have been studying for a while when you come here?
Contoh Kalimat Nominal Future Perfect Continuous Tense
(+) I will have been a famous artist within twenty years ahead.
(-) I will not have been a famous artist within twenty years ahead.
(?) Will I have been a famous artist within twenty years ahead.
4.      Past Future (Akan datang di waktu lampau)
·         Simple Past Future Tense (Waktu Akan Datang Di Waktu Lampau)
Simple Past Future Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang terjadi atau dilakukan secara berulang-ulang atau sudah menjadi kebiasaan di masa lampau, penggunaan kata “would” dalam kalimat biasanya menunjukkan bahwa pembicara ingin sesuatu itu terjadi di masa depan, yang mungkin atau tidak mungkin menjadi kenyataan.
Rumus Verbal :
(+) S + Would/Should + V1 + O + ANA
(-) S + Would/Should + Not + V1 + O + ANA
(?) Would/Should + S + V1 + O + ANA
Rumus Nominal :
(+) S + Would/Should + Be + O + ANA
(-) S + Would/Should + Not + Be + O + ANA
(?) Would/Should + S + Be + O + ANA
Contoh Kalimat Verbal Simple Past Future Tense:
(+) They will go home soon.
(-) They will not go home soon.
(?) Would they go home soon?
Contoh Kalimat Nominal Simple Past Future Tense:
(+) we should be there last month.
(-) we shouldn’t be there last month.
(?) Sould we be there last month?
·         Past Future Continuous Tense (Waktu Akan Sedang Terjadi Diwaktu Lampau)
Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang akan sudah sedang berlangsung pada waktu lampau.
Rumus Verbal :
(+) S + Would/Should + Be + V-ing + O + ANA
(-) S + Would/Should + Not + Be + V-ing + O + ANA
(?) Would/Should + S + Be + V-ing + O + ANA
Rumus Nominal :
(+) S + Would/Should + Be + Being + O + ANA
(-) S + Would/Should + Not + Be + Being + O + ANA
(?) Would/Should + S + Be + Being + O + ANA
Contoh Kalimat Verbal Past Future Continuous Tense:
(+) My mother would be cooking vegetables at this hour yesterday morning.
(-) My mother would not be cooking vegetables at this hour yesterday morning.
(?) Would my mother be cooking vegetables at this hour yesterday morning?
Contoh Kalimat Nominal Past Future Continuous Tense:
(+) I should be being a art director if I did work at Pixar studio.
(-) I should not be being a art director if I did work at Pixar studio.
(?) should you be being a art director if I did work at Pixar studio?
·         Past Future Perfect Tense (Waktu akan sudah selesai di masa lampau)
Past Future Perfect Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang akan sudah selesai pada waktu lampau atau menyatakan   pengandaian yang tidak mungkin terjadi karena syaratnya sudah pasti tidak akan terpenuhi.
Rumus Verbal :
(+) S + Would/Should + Have + V3 + O + ANA
(-) S + Would/Should+ Not + Have + V3 + O + ANA
(?) Would/Should + S + Have + V3 + O + ANA
Rumus Nominal :
(+) S + Would/Should + Have + Been + O + ANA
(-) S + Would/Should + Not + Have + Been + O + ANA
(?) Would/Should + S + Have + Been + O + ANA
Contoh Kalimat Verbal Past Future Perfect Tense:
(+) She would have come here if she had called him.
(-) She wouldn’t have come here if she had not called him.
(?) would she have come here if she had called him ?
Contoh Kalimat Nominal Past Future Tense:
(+) I should have been at Studio if they had invited me.
(-) I should not have been at Studio if they had not invited me.
(?) should you have been at Studio there if they had invited me ?
·         Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu yang sudah sedang berlangsung pada waktu lampau)
Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang akan sedang berlangsung.
Rumus Verbal :
(+) S + Would/Should + Have + Been + V-ing + O + ANA
(-) S + Would/Should + Not + Have + Been + V-ing + O + ANA
(?) Would/Should + S + Have + Been + V-ing + O + ANA
Rumus Nominal :
(+) S + Would/Should + Have + Been + Being + O + ANA
(-) S + Would/Should + Not + Have + Been + Being + O + ANA
(?) Would/Should + S + Have + Been + Being + O + ANA
Contoh Kalimat Verbal Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense:
(+) My boyfriend would have been giving flower at this hour yesterday morning.
(-) My boyfriend would not have been giving flower at this hour yesterday morning.
(?) Would your boyfriend have been giving flower at this hour yesterday morning?
Contoh Kalimat Nominal Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense:
(+) I should have been being an art director by studying animation.
(-) I should’nt have been being art director by studying animation.
(?) Should you have been being art director by studying animation?



Referensi :

http://www.cepatbisainggris.com/2013/11/pengertian-rumus-contoh-dan-macam-macam-tenses-bahasa-inggris.html